ABSTRACT We studied the possible factors affecting the parents' compliance in treatme~t and care of pediatric strabismus patients. Those factors included the disease knowledge, health belief and general data including age, marital status, income and the number of children in the family. The samples were the parents of strabismus children in Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai hospital during 1 January, 1994 to 31 December, 1996. The result revealed the factors affecting the compliance were the disease knowledge, health belief, the number of children and the marital status with p < 0.0001, 0.0001, 0.001 and 0.05 respectively. Other factors did not statistically influence the com pliance of the parents.